The transport of lithium-ion batteries is increasing globally, driven by their use in electric vehicles and consumer electronics. However, these batteries pose serious risks on container ships, including fire, explosion hazards, and environmental damage.
The new guideline, “Lithium-Ion Batteries in Containers – Guidelines for Safe Carriage”, developed by CINS and the International Group of P&I Clubs, provides practical advice for safely transporting these batteries in containers. For ships that occasionally carry such cargo, the following three key points are particularly important:
- Container Positioning on Board
The guideline emphasizes that the container’s placement on board is critical to minimizing risks:- Where possible, prioritize open deck over enclosed spaces. Incidents are easier to detect and more accessible for firefighting.
- Do not load the container near heat sources such as engine rooms or exhausts, or close to hazardous materials like flammable or oxidizing cargo.
- Place the container within the range of temperature and gas detection equipment.
- Documentation and Declaration
The guideline highlights that many incidents stem from incorrect or incomplete cargo information. To mitigate this risk, the following is advised:- Verify that the cargo includes:
- Correct UN number (typically UN3480 or UN3481);
- Fully completed Dangerous Goods Declaration;
- MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) and/or test certificates such as UN 38.3;
- Proper labels (Class 9) and packaging markings.
- Stay alert for “hidden” batteries in products (e.g., e-bikes or power tools) that may not be properly declared. Do not accept cargo if there is doubt about the accuracy of labels or packaging.
- Verify that the cargo includes:
- Preventive Measures and Internal Procedures
The guideline recommends clear preventive procedures:- Inform the crew about the presence and location of lithium-ion batteries.
- Use an internal checklist during delivery on board to verify documentation, packaging, and positioning. Immediately report deviations (e.g., damaged containers or leaks) and keep containers with batteries under observation during the voyage.
- Develop a plan for incident detection and response to smoke, heat, or gas formation.
The guideline helps to reduce risks of carrying lithium-ion batteries by implementing simple risk management measures. The full guideline is available on the International Group’s website.
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