The carriage of Direct reduced iron (DRI) in various forms is described in the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code, (the Code). The latest addition forms a mandatory part of the Code from January 2025 and is the entry for the Type D (“DRI-D” i.e. by-product fines with a moisture content of at least 2%.)
The principal forms of DRI are Type A (briquettes) and Type B (pellets). DRI fines are generally not suitable for inclusion with Types A and B, and are handled separately under the IMSBC Code under type C (fines where the moisture level of the cargo is not exceeding 0.3%). The latest Amendment 07-23 to the Code introduces a fourth DRI schedule: DIRECT REDUCED IRON (D) (By-product fines with a moisture content of at least 2%).
Like DRI (C), DRI (D) is described as a by-product of the manufacturing and handling process of DRI (A) and DRI (B) but has a higher moisture content (≥2% as compared to ≤0.3% for DRI (C)). There is also reference in the new DRI (D) schedule to the risk of liquefaction if shipped with a moisture content exceeding its transportable moisture limit (TML). DRI (D) is therefore classified as both a Group A and Group B cargo.
The principal hazard associated with DRI (D) fines is the generation of hydrogen, due to the relatively high moisture content and reaction with water. This may lead to a potential temperature increase when the material is handled in bulk; and the risk of overheating, fire and explosion due to the reactivity of the cargo with air and water to produce hydrogen gas and heat. Additionally a risk of liquefaction exists.
The latest addition to the IMSBC Code contains recommendations for cargo loading and preparation, measuring temperature and moisture content and addresses the importance of obtaining correct cargo certification and info prior shipment. The Code also provides recommendations as to carriage of the cargo and emergency measures to be taken.
Members are recommended to consult further technical details and guidance available in the full IG circular available on the International Group website, accessible here.
For further assistance and detailed advice, our Members are invited to reach out to the NNPC claims team at claims@nnpc-marine.com.
